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<channel>
	<title>33dots &#187; Technical</title>
	<atom:link href="http://www.33dots.com/index.php/category/technical/feed" rel="self" type="application/rss+xml" />
	<link>http://www.33dots.com</link>
	<description></description>
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			<item>
		<title>My new laptop: SONY VAIO VPCCB15FG</title>
		<link>http://www.33dots.com/index.php/technical/my-new-laptop-sony-vaio-vpccb15fg.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.33dots.com/index.php/technical/my-new-laptop-sony-vaio-vpccb15fg.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sat, 16 Jul 2011 06:21:17 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>tony</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.33dots.com/?p=359</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Model Name: Sony VAIO VPC CB15FG

Specs
2nd Gen Intel Core i5 2410 @ 2.30ghz
Intel HM 65 Express chipset
4GB RAM, 500GB 7200 Toshiba HD
Hybrid graphics AMD Radeon 6630M 1GB DDR3 VRAM / Intel HD 3000
Matshita DVD RW, 15.5&#8221; 1920&#215;1080 Full HD WLED screen
ATHEROS WLAN and Ethernet
Realtek Audio, Exmor 1.3MP webcam
HDMI and VGA output. 1 USB 3.0
Backlit keyboard.
Automatic [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Model Name: Sony VAIO VPC CB15FG</p>
<p><a href="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/vaio.jpeg"><img src="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/vaio-300x217.jpg" alt="Sony VAIO VPC CB 15FG" title="Sony VAIO VPC CB 15FG" width="300" height="217" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-370" /></a><a href="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/vaio2.jpeg"><img src="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/vaio2-300x217.jpg" alt="Sony VAIO VPC CB 15 FG" title="Sony VAIO VPC CB 15 FG" width="300" height="217" class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-371" /></a></p>
<p><strong>Specs</strong><br />
2nd Gen Intel Core i5 2410 @ 2.30ghz<br />
Intel HM 65 Express chipset<br />
4GB RAM, 500GB 7200 Toshiba HD<br />
Hybrid graphics AMD Radeon 6630M 1GB DDR3 VRAM / Intel HD 3000<br />
Matshita DVD RW, 15.5&#8221; 1920&#215;1080 Full HD WLED screen<br />
ATHEROS WLAN and Ethernet<br />
Realtek Audio, Exmor 1.3MP webcam<br />
HDMI and VGA output. 1 USB 3.0</p>
<p>Backlit keyboard.<br />
Automatic screen brightness control</p>
<p>Windows 7 Premium OS pre-installed. No DVD given.</p>
<p>Free Targus bag(not backpack) worth 1.3k</p>
<p>Price: 53600/-</p>
<p><strong>My few bits</strong><br />
Full HD Screen is fantastic if you want a lot of screen space. However the font size will be a bit too small. I like large fonts and less strain on eye, so increased DPI settings to 125%.<br />
The island keyboard includes a numpad and is the best i&#8217;ve used. Very very nice!!<br />
Touchpad is sometimes less responsive. Not the best in the class.<br />
Sound is alright. Not too good or bad.<br />
Includes a wireless ON/OFF switch.<br />
Heat dissipation seems good. There are many air vents at the bottom. Normal operating temp is 45-48C (Room Temp ~25C). After two hours of gaming(FIFA) it came to 71C max.<br />
I found the automatic brightness control irritating and disabled it very soon.<br />
Hybrid graphics is really cool! Greatly helps to maximise battery life (a diff of 1.5hrs) and minimize heat when you dont need 3D acceleration.<br />
HDMI output is fine so that you can connect to your large HD TV for gaming and movies.<br />
Build Quality seems fine. But its an all plastic body, no metal even at this price.</p>
<p><strong>Booting for the first time</strong><br />
Upon booting for the first time there were some bloatwares installed. Removed them all and created rescue DVD&#8217;s. These are required in case for reinstalling windows, as no Windows 7 DVD is given.</p>
<p>There was only one drive (C:) with all the available diskspace.</p>
<p>DiskManagement showed 3 partitions. One recovery and system protection partition (may be for system restore) which are hidden and the visible C Drive.</p>
<p>Tried to shrink this drive using the DiskManagement. But it was only possible to shrink it to 200 something GB. Tried shrinking after de-fragmenting, but still the same result.</p>
<p>Finally used <a href="http://gparted.sourceforge.net ">GParted </a>from an Ubuntu Live CD. GParted allows non-destructive shrinking of partitions including NTFS. Reduced the drive to 50GB. GParted has a nice easy to use GUI and is available for download as a Live CD. This is a <a href="http://gparted.sourceforge.net/larry/resize/resizing.htm">howto on how to resize a partition</a>.<br />
When you boot back to Windows after modifying partitions with GParted, windows&#8217; <code>checkdisk </code>check the disks for inconsistency. Allow it to complete and you are fine.</p>
<p>Created some more partition using the Windows 7 DiskManagement.</p>
<p><strong>Performance</strong><br />
I have&#8217;nt done anything intensive yet. However it seems i5 is good enough for almost anything. I have had 20-25  tabs opened in FF without any problem. The Windows 7 Experience Index gives a 6.9 for the processor and 6.4 for the gaming graphics, in a scale of 1.0 to 7.9.</p>
<p><strong>Gaming</strong><br />
AMD HD 6630M seems good for casual gaming. The left side of the touchpad gets bit hot after sometime.<br />
The maximum system temperature i got after 2hrs of FIFA was 71C. Seems fine.</p>
<p>Tried my favourite game FIFA 11 @ 1920&#215;1080, connected to an external monitor via VGA. With all the settings set to max i got a frame rate of ~42FPS during gameplay. The frame rate drops considerably during replays (20-35).<br />
Barcelona Vs Real Madrid @ 1080. FPS and screenshot using Fraps.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/fifa11at1080gameplay.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-362" title="FIFA 11 gameplay @ 1080 in Radeon 6630M" src="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/fifa11at1080gameplay-300x168.jpg" alt="FIFA 11 gameplay @ 1080 in Radeon 6630M"  title="FIFA 11 gameplay at1080 in Radeon 6630M" width="300" height="168" /></a><a href="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/fifa11at1080.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-363" title="FIFA 11 Replay @ 1080 in Radeon 6630M" src="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/fifa11at1080-300x168.jpg" alt="FIFA 11 Replay @ 1080 Radeon 6630M" title="FIFA 11 Replay @ 1080 in Radeon 6630M" width="300" height="168" /></a></p>
<p>FIFA 11 @ 1366&#215;768 with all the settings set to max gives you 60FPS. Note that this is the maximum FPS for an LCD panel, the card must be capable for more. There will be slight blur at this resolution (noticeable if you compare with a 1080 pic) but excellent framerate.<br />
Barcelona Vs Real Madrid @ 768. FPS and screenshot using Fraps.</p>
<p><a href="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/fifa11at768gameplay.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-364" title="FIFA 11 gameplay @ 766 in Radeon 6630M" src="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/07/fifa11at768gameplay-300x168.jpg" alt="FIFA 11 gameplay @ 766 Radeon 6630M" title="FIFA 11 gameplay @ 766 in Radeon 6630M" width="300" height="168" /></a></p>
<p><strong>Battery</strong><br />
Battery life seems to be decent. Without the Radeon On, its shows about 4hrs+ during idle. And when the Radeon is on it there will be a 1.5hrs difference.</p>
<p>&#8212;</p>
]]></content:encoded>
			<wfw:commentRss>http://www.33dots.com/index.php/technical/my-new-laptop-sony-vaio-vpccb15fg.html/feed</wfw:commentRss>
		<slash:comments>4</slash:comments>
		</item>
		<item>
		<title>Using a US PS3 in India</title>
		<link>http://www.33dots.com/index.php/technical/using-a-us-ps3-in-india.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.33dots.com/index.php/technical/using-a-us-ps3-in-india.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Fri, 07 Jan 2011 05:34:47 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>tony</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.33dots.com/?p=294</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[My brother bought a PS3 from US and these were some of the issues that came up when we were trying to get it working in India.
Its a PS3 Slim 160 GB with a firmware 3.51 and was bought on Dec 2010.
&#160;
Power Supply
Although it is written 110VAC on the PS3, the power supply is universal [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>My brother bought a PS3 from US and these were some of the issues that came up when we were trying to get it working in India.<br />
Its a PS3 Slim 160 GB with a firmware 3.51 and was bought on Dec 2010.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h4>Power Supply</h4>
<p>Although it is written 110VAC on the PS3, the <span style="text-decoration: underline;">power supply is universal</span> and it works perfectly on 230V. You just need the correct plug adapter. No need for any converters, step down transformers etc they may do more harm if they dont have the necessary output power  (PS3 requires 380W).<br />
The model no: of my PS3 is CECH 2501A 120 V 2 A 60Hz and it works perfectly on 230V 50hz here in India without anything.<br />
The <a title="Wikipedia on PS3" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/PlayStation_3_hardware#Universal_power_supply">Wikipedia article on PS3</a> also says that the power supply is universal.</p>
<p><strong>Note: There is a <a href="#comment-440">report</a> that some one damaged his PS3 by plugging in to a 230v though we dont know the exact details. So do at your own risk.</strong><br />
</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h4>BD/DVD playback and Region Codes</h4>
<p>US PS3 is Blueray Disc (BD) <a title="Wikipedia article on BD region codes" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Blu-ray_Disc#Region_codes">region coded</a> 1, and will not play movie BDs of other regions, except region free versions. India is region 3 and Europe is 2.<br />
However, many of the movie BDs currently released in India are region free (ie playable in all regions). This may soon change once BD becomes popular in India.</p>
<p>US PS3 is DVD region coded 1 and will not play other region coded DVDs, except region free versions. India is region 5 and Europe is 2.<br />
Most movie DVDs released in India are region coded, and so not playable. Even if you get a region free Indian DVD it may still not be playable.<br />
Indian movie DVD&#8217;s and CD&#8217;s use PAL system. So <span style="text-decoration: underline;">PS3 wont be able to play an Indian movie DVD or CD</span> even though it is region free. It just shows and error message &#8216;PAL format not supported&#8217;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h4>NTSC (Interlaced) Vs PAL Issue for standard TV sets.</h4>
<p>By standard TV sets i mean the SD (4:3) resolution CRT TVs and not the new crop of LCD/LED TVs which are HD ( marketed as 16:9, wide screen, 720p/i, HD Ready, 1080p/i, FullHD etc)<br />
US PS3 supports only NTSC(480i/480p) output and not PAL(576i/576p) output in SD resolution. That is, it works only on TV&#8217;s with NTSC system.<br />
Indian television uses PAL system. However, most of the new TV&#8217;s (year 2000+)seems to support NTSC too and so it wont be a problem.<br />
[Note: The above issue does not apply to you if you have a HD TV  and connect to it using HDMI or Component cables in HD resoluton]</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h4>PS3 games</h4>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">All PS3 games are region free</span>. So you can use a game purchased from anywhere. However, some games require HD resolution and so may not be playable in SD resolution, thats is, on standard TV sets.<br />
PS2 games seem to be not playable in US PS3.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h4>How to connect PS3 to your TV/monitor?</h4>
<p>The PS3 has an HDMI, Component and Composite (commonly called RCA or AV) output. Note that only composite cable is supplied along with PS3.</p>
<p>The HDMI is the easiest and the best method. Just plug in the HDMI cable to your monitor/TV and the settings will be automatically setup. This is the best method because it gives you the full HD (1080p) video output along with 7.1 Ch audio [ofcourse you must have the necessary audio setup].<br />
You could also use an HDMI-&gt;DVI cable if your monitor has a DVI input but no HDMI. [Note that for this setup to work your monitor should support <a title="Wikipedia article on HDCP" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/High-bandwidth_Digital_Content_Protection">HDCP</a> (via DVI). Check your monitor manual].</p>
<p>The composite output works only on TV with NTSC system and supports only SD resolution. Indian television uses PAL system. However most of the new TV&#8217;s (year 2000+)seems to support NTSC too and so it wont be a problem. The BD playback and PS3 games does not look good in the standard TV. You must consider a 32+ inch HD TV or atleast a 22 inch Full HD monitor.</p>
<p>The component video cable for PS3 has to be purchased separately and used if your TV supports it. It supports full HD.</p>
<p>Note: Turning off and turning on the system again by pressing the power button for 5+ seconds until you hear 1 beep resets the video output to default settings [which is  composite output for standard TV].</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h4>How to get Audio output?</h4>
<p>PS3 supports 7.1 Ch audio via HDMI, 5.1 Ch via Digital out (optical out) and 2 Ch via RCA cable.<br />
By default, the audio will be output through HDMI if you are using HDMI for video, and RCA if you are using a composite or Component video output.</p>
<p>PS3 supports simultaneous audio output from all these outputs. Go to <em>Settings</em> &gt; <em>Sound Settings</em> &gt; <em>Audio Multi-Output</em> and set this <em>On</em>.<br />
This is useful if you are using a HDMI-DVI cable to connect video output to a monitor with no HDMI port. In this case you will have to get audio from the RCA or Digital out.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h4>Watching videos in PS3</h4>
<p>By default, PS3 may not list all the audio/video files in your harddisk or USB drive. It would say &#8220;No Titles Available&#8221;. In that case just use &#8216;Triangle&#8217; button, choose &#8216;Display all&#8217; and then you can browse and play the other videos/audio<br />
PS3 can play  DivX, WMV, AVI, MP4, H.264, MPEG &#8211; 1/2/4, MP3, WMA, MKV, Wav etc.</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h4>Using PS2 controller in PS3</h4>
<p>The PS2 controller can be used in a PS3 by using a controller adapter. The adapter plugs in to the USB slot. It costs about 300-400Rs in Ebay India. It may not work with all types of games, especially the games that use the <em>PS</em> button and accelerometer. But for games like Fifa it works perfectly.<br />
After connecting to the USB slot, press the <em>start</em> button in your PS2 controller to enable it(the light glows).</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<p>&nbsp;</p>
<h4><strong>FAQ</strong></h4>
<p>These are some of the repeatedly asked questions in comments. I wont be replying to these anymore.</p>
<p><strong>Will i blow my US PS3 if i connect it to Indian 230V power supply?</strong><br />
Wikipedia, and several internet forums say there will be no problem, as the internal power supply is universal. Many users including me have been using without any problem.<br />
Sony Inc doesn&#8217;t say Yes or No.<br />
There is no guarantee that all models, especially the future models will be having universal power supply. Its upto you to decide.<br />
<strong><br />
Can you suggest a good step down transformer?</strong><br />
Sorry, no idea. I dont use it. Make sure the one you buy has 300W rating.</p>
<p><strong>Will Indian DVD/CD&#8217;s play in US PS3? </strong><br />
No</p>
<p><strong>Will PS3 games purchased from India work in my US PS3?</strong><br />
Yes, if you are using HDTV. Some games may not work in old TVs.</p>
<p><strong>What about online gaming?</strong><br />
Mostly yes. You may come into problems as you are logging from a different country. But you can contact support(game publisher) and they will mostly sort it out.</p>
<p><strong>Is PSN region free? </strong><br />
No. US PS3 does&#8217;nt play games downloaded from other PSN. Also some games are only available in certain regions&#8217; PSN.<br />
<strong><br />
What about controllers and move? can we buy them from another country?</strong><br />
Yes.</p>
<p><strong>Can i play pirated games in my PS3?</strong><br />
You can, but you need to do a hardware modification. And once you do that you cant update your system, and so may not be able to play newly purchased genuine games.</p>
<p><strong>Can i exchange PS3 games with my friend?</strong><br />
Yes.</p>
<p><strong>The power button is flashing Yellow or Red and PS3 doesn&#8217;t power on?</strong><br />
Sorry most likey you have a hardware failure. Flasing yellow is &#8216;generic hardware fault&#8217; and flashing Red indicates an overheating. </p>
<p>&#8212;&#8212;</p>
<p>HDMI to DVI cable which we use to plug in the PS3 to our Samsung B2230.<br />
<a href="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/HDMI-to-DVI.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-311" title="HDMI to DVI" src="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/HDMI-to-DVI-300x199.jpg" alt="HDMI to DVI" width="300" height="199" /></a></p>
<p>The RCA female to Stereo 3.5mm female audio jack which we use to output audio from the PS3&#8217;s RCA cable to our Creative speakers. The jack is available at electronics shops.<br />
<a href="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/RCA-Female-to-Stereo-Female.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-312" title="RCA Female to Stereo Female" src="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/RCA-Female-to-Stereo-Female-300x150.jpg" alt="RCA Female to Stereo Female" width="300" height="150" /></a></p>
<p>The PS2 controller adapter<br />
<a href="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/PS2_to_PS3_PC_Converter_1.jpg"><img class="alignnone size-medium wp-image-313" title="PS2 toPS3/PC controller adapter" src="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2011/01/PS2_to_PS3_PC_Converter_1-300x300.jpg" alt="PS2 toPS3/PC controller adapter" width="200" height="200" /></a></p>
]]></content:encoded>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>33dots.com moved to a new host</title>
		<link>http://www.33dots.com/index.php/web/33dots-com-moved-to-a-new-host.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.33dots.com/index.php/web/33dots-com-moved-to-a-new-host.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 07 Mar 2010 10:23:24 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>tony</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Web]]></category>

		<guid isPermaLink="false">http://www.33dots.com/?p=256</guid>
		<description><![CDATA[Finally this site is moved(hosting and registration) from Yahoo! to DreamHost.
A quick summary of the steps.
1. BackUps!
Yahoo doesn&#8217;t allow shell. So painstakingly downloaded the all the required contents to my local system using gFTP. This took about 1hr 
Exported all the essential MySQL databases via phpMyAdmin
2. Unlocked the domain and copied the authorization code, which [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>Finally <a title="33dots.com" href="http://www.33dots.com/" target="_self">this site</a> is moved(hosting and registration) from Yahoo! to DreamHost.<br />
A quick summary of the steps.</p>
<p><strong>1.</strong> BackUps!<br />
Yahoo doesn&#8217;t allow shell. So painstakingly downloaded the all the required contents to my local system using <em>gFTP</em>. This took about 1hr <img src='http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_sad.gif' alt=':(' class='wp-smiley' /><br />
Exported all the essential MySQL databases via <em>phpMyAdmin</em></p>
<p><strong>2.</strong> Unlocked the domain and copied the authorization code, which is required for the domain transfer.</p>
<p><strong>3.</strong> Initiated a domain transfer form the DreamHost (DH) control panel.<br />
You will be sent an email to the ID provided in your registration information to confirm the transfer. Confirmed it.</p>
<p><strong>4.</strong>Set up web hosting for this domain at DH.<br />
DH allows you to setup any number of websites to host under a single account.</p>
<p><strong>5.</strong> Uploaded all the content to DH<br />
Initially tried command,</p>
<pre>[tony@localhost ~]$ scp -r 33dots/dump/ username@jaguars.dreamhost.com:work/</pre>
<p>but got bored seeing individual files being transferred slowly.</p>
<p>then,</p>
<pre>
[tony@localhost ~]$ tar -czpf 33dots.tar.gz 33dots/dump/
[tony@localhost ~]$ scp 33dots.tar.gz username@jaguars.dreamhost.com:work/
</pre>
<p>I had to use host as <em>jaguars.dreamhost.com</em> because i have still not pointed my 33dots.com DNS entries to DH.</p>
<p><em>ssh</em>ed to DH. and,
<pre>
[tony@localhost ~]$ ssh username@jaguars.dreamhost.com
username@jaguars.dreamhost.com's password:
[jaguars]$ tar -xzpf 33dots.tar.gz
[jaguars]$ mv 33dots/dump/* ../33dots.com
</pre>
<p><strong>6.</strong> Setup databases at DH<br />
Created a new hostname and user for mysql.<br />
Created the databases<br />
Imported the <em>.sql</em>s via phpMyAdmin</p>
<p><strong>7.</strong> Setup a <em>dreamhosters.com</em> account to test things.<br />
I want to test everything is fine before doing the DNS changes. DH allows you to access your hosted sites, by creating a temporary subdomain like <em>33dots.dreamhosters.com</em>. This allows you to access and test your site, which is otherwise inaccessible, until you point your DNS to DH.</p>
<p>Yes, everything seems fine. Ofcourse! absolute links are not working..<br />
Deactivated the dreamhosters.com subdomain.</p>
<p><strong>8.</strong> Setup <em>Gmail</em> for mail<br />
I&#8217;ll be using gmail for the mail once the transfer is complete.<br />
Went to <a href="http://www.google.com/a/cpanel/domain/new" title="Gmail for webmasters">http://www.google.com/a/cpanel/domain/new</a> and setup the account. Yes, it wont be working until i change the <em>MX records</em> to point to google.</p>
<p><strong>9.</strong> Changed my DNS entries at Yahoo(the registration transfer has not yet over, it will take 7-10 days) to point to DH.<br />
Unsuccessful! an error is shown by yahoo. Perhaps,  since the transfer process is in progress, yahoo cant change the DNS now. Anyway no problems, i have the working version of the site still at yahoo and now also at DH. The email is also working, only thing is it is with yahoo.</p>
<p><strong>10.</strong> Transfer process over!<br />
I got mail from DH that the transfer is complete (5th day).</p>
<pre>
[tony@localhost ~]$ whois 33dots.com
---------
Registrar: NEW DREAM NETWORK, LLC
Name Server: NS1.DREAMHOST.COM
Name Server: NS2.DREAMHOST.COM
Name Server: NS3.DREAMHOST.COM
Status: ok
---------
[tony@localhost ~]$ nslookup 33dots.com
Non-authoritative answer:
Name:   33dots.com
Address: 69.163.171.212
[tony@localhost ~]$ host 69.163.171.212
212.171.163.69.in-addr.arpa domain name pointer <span style="text-decoration: underline;">apache2-emu.jaguars.dreamhost.com</span>.
</pre>
<p>Mail is working fine from Gmail. The website too seems ok.<br />
Now that the transfer is complete and the website is working fine, i deleted all the files and databases at yahoo and canceled the account!</p>
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		</item>
		<item>
		<title>To read and type Malayalam</title>
		<link>http://www.33dots.com/index.php/web/to-read-and-type-malayalam.html</link>
		<comments>http://www.33dots.com/index.php/web/to-read-and-type-malayalam.html#comments</comments>
		<pubDate>Sun, 30 Aug 2009 07:27:41 +0000</pubDate>
		<dc:creator>tony</dc:creator>
				<category><![CDATA[Technical]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Web]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[anjalioldlipi]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[deepika font]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[how to read malayalam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[how to write malayalam]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[Inscript malayalam keyboard]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[malayala manorama in firefox]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[malayalam in firefox]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[malayalam in linux]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[malayalam in mac]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[malayalam software]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[malayalam unicode]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[manorama font]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[mathrubhumi font]]></category>
		<category><![CDATA[type malayalam]]></category>

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		<description><![CDATA[A computer represents an alphabet [technically called language script] using a number code. The coding scheme which is currently used (ASCII) however only represents the English alphabet and numerals and some special characters.
Unicode is a new encoding scheme which represents all alphabets in all languages in the world. In Unicode, Malayalam first letter ‘a’ (അ) [...]]]></description>
			<content:encoded><![CDATA[<p>A computer represents an alphabet [technically called language script] using a number code. The coding scheme which is currently used (<a title="ASCII in wikipedia" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/ASCII">ASCII</a>) however only represents the English alphabet and numerals and some special characters.</p>
<p><strong>Unicode</strong> is a new encoding scheme which represents all alphabets in all languages in the world. In Unicode, Malayalam first letter ‘a’ (അ) is given the code number 3333. Similarly, different numbers are given for rest of Malayalam alphabets. The fonts that understand this new encoding scheme are called Unicode fonts.</p>
<p><span style="text-decoration: underline;">To read and type Malayalam properly in your computer you have to use Unicode Malayalam fonts.</span> [The same also applies to other languages; to read and type a particular language you need to have the Unicode font of that language.]</p>
<p>To work using  a Unicode font of a language, we also need,</p>
<ul>
<li>The Operating System support for displaying that language script [in our case support for displaying malayalam]. This is technically called font rendering support. If the OS has no proper support, we may still be able to view the language but there will be errors. In Malayalam we usually have problems like &#8216;Chillu&#8217; and &#8216;diacritics&#8217; [കേ, കൊ] etc.</li>
<li>A system for inputting the language script to the computer. Operating Systems usually support keyboard layouts for different languages. Once enabled, we could use the normal keyboard for inputting. For example, typing button &#8216;K&#8217; inputs malayalam script &#8216;ക&#8217; (ka).</li>
<li>Applications supporting Unicode scheme. Like notepad, IE, Word, Firefox etc. Almost all of the programs of the latest Operating systems support Unicode.</li>
</ul>
<p>Using unicode, you can read and create malayalam text and websites, blog and chat in malayalam, and even search google in malayalam, See here for an example of searching <a href="http://www.google.co.in/search?q=%E0%B4%AE%E0%B4%B2%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B4%82&amp;ie=utf-8&amp;oe=utf-8">google in malayalam </a>.</p>
<p>Now lets see how this can be accomplished in various Operating systems,</p>
<h3>Windows 7 </h3>
<p>Windows 7 has by default support for reading and typing Malayalam.</p>
<p>You can view Malayalam webpages without doing anything special. Just check it out <a href="http://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D">here</a>.</p>
<p>If you like, you may install more Malayalam fonts like, AnjaliOldLipi, Raghu etc from <a href="http://www.33dots.com/pub/malayalam/fonts/">here</a>. Here is a <a href="http://www.33dots.com/pub/malayalam/fonts/malayalam-fonts.png">picture</a> of the fonts listed.</p>
<p><strong>For typing</strong>,<br />
1. Enable Malayalam typing by,<br />
<em>Control panel</em> > ‘<em>Change Keyboard or other Input methods</em>’ (under section ‘<em>Clock, Languages and Region</em>’) > ‘<em>Keyboard and Languages</em>’ tab > <em>Change keyboards</em>… > <em>General</em> tab > click <em>Add</em> and choose <em>Malayalam</em>.<br />
The layout for the Malayalam keyboard is the same Inscript layout shown <a href="http://www.33dots.com/pub/malayalam/Inscript-key-layout.jpg">here</a>.<br />
Now you can type Malayalam directly into any application.<br />
Also check the ‘<em>Language Bar</em>’ tab. You can add a button on the taskbar for switching between Malayalam and English typing.</p>
<p>2. You can use <a href="http://www.google.com/ime/transliteration/">Google transliteration IME</a> to input Malayalam letters using the Mozhi scheme directly to any application. It has features like word completion.</p>
<p>3. You can use web based Google transliteration service , to type Malayalam in the transliteration scheme of Mozhi, and it will be converted to Malayalam automatically, Then you can copy paste it into your programs.  Google transliteration service is also used in Orkut to input Malayalam.<br />
The advantage of this method is that you can test typing, right after you setup viewing.</p>
<p>4. The options listed for Windows XP, like the Mozhi keyman, Varamozhi editor etc may work for windows 7 (I&#8217;ve not tested it).</p>
<h3>Windows 95/98/Me/NT and 2000</h3>
<p>These OS&#8217;s have no proper support for Malayalam script rendering. <img src='http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-includes/images/smilies/icon_sad.gif' alt=':(' class='wp-smiley' /><br />
Fortunately IE has good support and you can use it.</p>
<p>Install a Malayalam unicode font like <em>AnjaliOldLipi</em>. Download it from <a title="Font download link" href="/pub/malayalam/fonts/AnjaliOldLipi.ttf">here</a>.<br />
Go to <em>Control Panel &gt; Fonts</em>.  Choose <em>File &gt; Install font</em> and browse to your font and click <em>OK</em>.</p>
<p>And use IE (ver 6 is good) to view malayalam pages, although the display may not be perfect.<br />
On Internet Explorer 6: Go to <em>Tools -&gt; Internet Options</em>. Click <em>Fonts</em> and Choose <em>Malayalam</em> and set <em>AnjaliOldLipi</em> as the font.</p>
<p>Check whether you can read malayalam at <a title="Malayalam Wikipedia Page" href="http://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D">malayalam wikipedia</a>.</p>
<p><strong>To type Malayalam</strong><br />
They do not have direct support for inputting malayalam.</p>
<p><strong>1.</strong> Try using the Inscript keyboard layout program from CDAC, Govt of India.<br />
Download it from <a title="Inscript Installer download" href="/pub/malayalam/Win-inscript.zip">here</a>. Unzip and doubleclick <em>Setup.exe</em> to install.<br />
An icon should come at the taskbar which enables you to switch, keyboards. The key map is <a title="Picture of Inscript keyboard layout" href="/pub/malayalam/Inscript-key-layout.jpg">here</a>.<br />
[Please confirm if you have success in using this]</p>
<p><strong>2.</strong> You could also try the methods specified for &#8216;typing Malayalam&#8217; in Windows XP/2003, [except method 1].<br />
Please see below.</p>
<h3>Windows XP/2003</h3>
<p>Windows XP SP2 and 2003 has default support for rendering Malayalam.</p>
<p>To enable it,<br />
Go to <em>Start &gt; Control Pane</em>l.<br />
If you are in &#8220;Category View&#8221; select the icon that says <em>Date, Time, Language and Regional Options</em> and then select <em>Regional and Language Options</em>.<br />
If you are in &#8220;Classic View&#8221; select the icon that says <em>Regional and Language Options</em>.<br />
Select the <em>Languages</em> tab and make sure the option saying <em>Install files for complex script and right-to-left languages (including Thai)</em> is checked. Click <em>OK</em>.<br />
A confirmation message should now appear &#8211; press <em>OK</em> on this confirmation message to allow the OS to install necessary files from the Windows XP CD and then reboot if prompted.</p>
<p>Check whether you can read malayalam at <a title="Malayalam Wikipedia Page" href="http://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D">malayalam wikipedia</a>.</p>
<p>You should install <em>AnjaliOldLipi</em> font in any case. The default font provided by XP called &#8216;<em>karthika</em>&#8216; is not good and small.<br />
Install <em>AnjaliOldLipi</em> malayalam unicode font.<br />
Download from <a title="Font download link" href="/pub/malayalam/fonts/anjalioldlipi.ttf">here</a>.<br />
Go to <em>Control Panel &gt; Fonts</em>.  Choose <em>File &gt; Install font</em> and browse to your font and click <em>OK</em>.</p>
<p>Enable firefox and IE to use this font.<br />
For Firefox  Go to <em>Tools &gt; Options &gt; Content</em>.<br />
You can see the <em>Fonts &amp; Colors section</em>. Take <em>Advanced</em>.<br />
Choose <em>Malayalam</em> from the Fonts for dropdown menu.<br />
Now set <em>AnjaliOldLipi</em> in each of the dropdown list. Click <em>Ok</em> and <em>Ok</em>.</p>
<p>For IE, Go to <em>Tools &gt; Internet Options.</em><br />
Click <em>Fonts</em> and Choose <em>Malayalam</em> form the <em>Language Script</em> dropdown menu<br />
Set the font as <em>AnjaliOldLipi</em> in the below list box.</p>
<p>See IE, FF and notepad displaying malayalam in my windows XP, using the default font <em>karthika</em>. You can also see the keyboard layout switcher in the taskbar near system tray.<br />
<a href="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/winxp-malayalam.png"><img class="alignnone size-thumbnail wp-image-217" title="Malayalam pages displayed in Windows XP" src="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/winxp-malayalam-150x150.png" alt="Malayalam pages displayed in Windows XP" width="150" height="100" /></a></p>
<p><strong>To type Malayalam</strong><br />
<strong>1.</strong> Windows XP SP2 and 2003 has default support for typing malayalam. This is the Inscript keyboard layout from CDAC, Govt of India.<br />
To enable it, Choose <em>Regional and Language Options</em> from <em>Control Panel</em>. On <em>Languages</em> tab click <em>Details</em>.<br />
Click the <em>Add</em> button and Choose <em>Malayalam(India)</em>. Click <em>Apply</em>.<br />
Now Click <em>Language bar&#8230;</em> button and check <em>Show Language bar</em>&#8230; and <em>Show additional language bar&#8230;</em><br />
A menu will appear in the taskbar which allows you to select the malayalam keyboard. The key map is <a title="Picture of Inscript keyboard layout" href="/pub/malayalam/Inscript-key-layout.jpg">here</a>.</p>
<p>Now you can type Malayalam directly into any application.</p>
<p><strong>2.</strong> Use a keyboard mapper called <em>Mozhi Keyman</em> to type Malayalam directly into the computer in transliteration scheme[eg typing english keys 'ithu' will output malayalam 'ഇതു'.]<br />
Download <em>Mozhi keyman</em> <a title="MozhiKeyman Download" href="/pub/malayalam/mozhi_1.1.1.exe">here</a> and install it. Once it is installed you will see its icon(letter K) in system-tray. Click on it and choose &#8216;Mozhi&#8217; to enable it. The icon will now change to malayalam (ക)<br />
Use <a title="Picture of Mozhi Scheme" href="/pub/malayalam/Lipi.png">this mozhi scheme</a> to type.</p>
<p><strong>3.</strong> You can use a software called Varamozhi, This software allows text inputting in same transliteration scheme of Mozhi, and once you are done export it to unicode file. Download and install Varamozhi <a title="Varamozhi download link" href="http://downloads.sourceforge.net/varamozhi/VaramozhiInstaller1.08.02.exe">here</a>. Visit <a title="Details on using Varamozhi" href="http://sites.google.com/site/cibu/editor-setup">varamozhi site</a> for details on how to use it</p>
<p><strong>4.</strong> You can use web based <a title="Google's Transliteration page" href="http://www.google.com/transliterate/indic/Malayalam">Google transliteration service</a> , to type Malayalam in the transliteration scheme of Mozhi, and it will be converted to malayalam automatically, Then you can copy paste it into your programs.  Google transliteration service is also used in Orkut to input malayalam.<br />
The advantage of this method is that you can test typing, right after you setup viewing.</p>
<p>Some more key mappers and web based services are listed <a title="More input methods at varamozhi site" href="http://varamozhi.wikia.com/wiki/Help:Contents/Unicode#Writing_Malayalam_in_Unicode">here</a></p>
<h3>Windows Vista</h3>
<p>Windows Vista has default support for reading and typing malayalam. Check the section for Windows 7, the steps are almost similar. </p>
<h3>GNU/Linux</h3>
<p>GNOME and KDE both has good support for malayalam script rendering.</p>
<p>You will only need to install malayalam unicode font.</p>
<p>To install AnjaliOldLipi,<br />
Download from <a title="AnjaliOldLipi download link" href="/pub/malayalam/fonts/AnjaliOldLipi.ttf">here</a>. To install, open your File Manager, type <em>fonts:///</em> in the addressbar and  hit <em>enter</em> and paste fonts in that folder.</p>
<p>OR you could install the distribution specific fonts by commands,<br />
Redhat, Cent OS, RHEL , Fedora etc &#8211; <code>yum install fonts-malayalam</code><br />
Debian, Ubuntu etc &#8211; <code>apt-get install ttf-malayam-fonts</code></p>
<p>Restart X-server by logging out and logging in back.</p>
<p>Usually Firefox is capable of detecting the malayalam font to display. If not,<br />
Go to <em>Tools &gt; Options &gt; Content</em>.<br />
You can see the <em>Fonts &amp; Colors section</em>. Take <em>Advanced</em>.<br />
Choose <em>Malayalam</em> from the Fonts for dropdown menu.<br />
Now set <em>AnjaliOldLipi</em> in each of the dropdown list. Click <em>Ok</em> and <em>Ok</em>.</p>
<p>See firefox displaying malayalam in my Cent OS 5.3. The only error i could see is for the rendering of &#8216;nte&#8217; as in &#8220;എന്റെ&#8221;</p>
<p><a href="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/malayalam-centos.png"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-206" title="Malayalam wikipedia in Firefox in CentoOS" src="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/malayalam-centos-150x150.png" alt="Malayalam wikipedia in Firefox in CentoOS" width="150" height="100" /></a></p>
<p><strong>To type malayalam</strong><br />
<strong>1.</strong> Both GNOME and KDE has support for malayalam keyboard layout. The is the Inscript keyboard layout from CDAC, Govt of India.</p>
<p>To enable it,<br />
For GNOME,<br />
Go to <em>System &gt; Preferences &gt; Keyboard</em>. Select the <em>Layouts</em> tab.<br />
Press <em>Add</em>, then select <em>India &gt; Malayalam</em> from <em>Available Layouts</em> frame and then press <em>Add</em>. You could also see an image depicting the <a href="/pub/malayalam/inscript-keylayout.png">keymappings</a>.</p>
<p>Now add a icon for changing keyboard layouts,<br />
Right click on the main menu on your desktop and select <em>Add to Panel&#8230;</em>.<br />
Select <em>Keyboard Indicator</em> and click <em>Add</em>. Position the keyboard indicator on your menu bar and click it to switch between keyboard layouts.</p>
<p>For KDE,<br />
In the <em>Control Center</em>, go to <em>Regional &amp; Accessibility, Keyboard Layout</em><br />
In the tab <em>Layout</em>, click on <em>Enable keyboard layouts</em><br />
Choose the <em>Malayalam</em> in <em>Available layouts</em> and click on <em>Apply</em><br />
Now, you will have an icon for the KDE Keyboard Tool in your panel, in which you can choose the layout you want</p>
<p><strong>2.</strong> You could also use the <a title="Google's Malayalam transliteration service" href="http://www.google.com/transliterate/indic/Malayalam">Google transliteration service</a>. Check the section on &#8216;typing malayalam&#8217; in Windows XP above for more details.</p>
<h3>Mac</h3>
<p>Mac OS X has no support for rendering Malayalam script at the time of writing. Mac OS X has support for only Devanagari, Gujarati and Gurmukhi scripts. So mac can properly display only the languages that use these scripts [like Hindi, Sanskrit, etc ]</p>
<p>We could still install the malayalam unicode fonts, and can get some readable display.<br />
<span style="text-decoration: line-through;">Download the font malayalam.ttf from <a title="Mac malayalam font" href="/pub/malayalam/fonts/malayalam.ttf">here</a>.</span> [Mac needs its own specific truetype Unicode fonts to work with its font rendering engine <a title="Wikipedia article on AAT" href="http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Apple_Advanced_Typography">AAT</a>, So AnjaliOldLipi, Meera doesnot work here.]</p>
<p>We now have a new font called RachanMac.ttf. Download it from <a title="Mac version of the font Rachana" href="/pub/malayalam/fonts/RachanaMac.ttf">here</a>. Credits to <a title="MacMalayalam website" href="http://sites.google.com/site/macmalayalam/">Manoj and Vinod</a> for making this mac version of Rachana font. [Please uninstall any previous malayalam fonts that you have installed before installing this.]</p>
<p>Install the font by double clicking on it. Once the font is installed you will see &#8216;Rachana&#8217; in the <em>System Preferences &gt; International &gt; Language</em> list</p>
<p>Usually in Mac we do not need to change anything in Firefox or Safari to see malayalam. Mac is intelligent enough to  automatically hunt through your installed fonts to find any font that includes the character symbol.</p>
<p>Check <a title="Malayalam Wikipedia page" href="http://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8_%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D">this page</a> with  firefox and safari.</p>
<p>See this screenshot of firefox displaying malayalam wikipedia page in Mac. You can see that it is perfect.<br />
<a href="http://www.33dots.com/pub/malayalam/mac-firefox.png"><img class="size-thumbnail wp-image-189" title="Malayalam wikipedia in Mac Firefox" src="http://www.33dots.com/blog/wp-content/uploads/2009/08/mac-firefox-150x150.png" alt="Malayalam wikipedia in Mac firefox" width="150" height="100" /></a></p>
<p><strong>To type malayalam</strong><br />
<strong>1.</strong> The <a title="Google's Malayalam transliteration service" href="http://www.google.com/transliterate/indic/Malayalam">Google transliteration service</a> can be used in mac too. Check the section on &#8216;typing malayalam&#8217; in Windows XP above for more details.</p>
<p><strong>2.</strong> For small texts, you could use the Mac&#8217;s unicode hex input, to directly input the keycode of the required letter.<br />
Go to <em>System Preferences &gt; Keyboard</em> and enable <em>Unicode Hex Input</em> checkbox. Now, a keyboard menu will appear on the menubar, Click on it choose <em>Unicode Hex Input</em> and press <em>Option</em> key and type the unicode code, and it will be inputted. Malayalam Unicode Hex chart can be downloaded <a title="Malayalam unicode hex chart" href="/pub/malayalam/U0D00.pdf">here</a>.</p>
<p><strong>3. </strong> A mac malayalam keyboard layout by Manoj is <a title="Malayalam keyboard layout for mac" href="http://sites.google.com/site/macmalayalam/">here</a>. Download the the Layout file and install it as per the instructions given in the same page.</p>
<h3>To view Manorama, Mathrubhumi and Deepika website.</h3>
<p>Fonts used in the websites like Malayala-manorama and Deepika etc are not unicode, they are just usual ASCII encoded fonts which uses malayalam symbols at the places of English one’s. They use the code numbers assigned for English alphabets for Malayalam. This method does not have any of the features of Unicode fonts.</p>
<p>These sites use a technology of Internet Explorer called &#8216;Dynamic fonts&#8217; where the font is automatically downloaded to your computer when you first visit their site in IE. Therefore, these sites by default, usually only work for IE.</p>
<p>Now, to view these sites in firefox or other browsers, you will have to manually download this font and install them. Refer previous sections on how to install a font for your operating system.</p>
<p>Manorama font &#8211; <a title="Manorama Font download" href="http://www.manoramaonline.com/mmfont/Manorama.ttf">http://www.manoramaonline.com/mmfont/Manorama.ttf</a><br />
Deepika font &#8211; <a title="Deepika font download" href="http://www.deepika.com/mlkr0ntt_TTF.ttf">http://www.deepika.com/mlkr0ntt_TTF.ttf</a></p>
<p>Mathrubhumi however uses Unicode font <em>Meera</em> hardcoded in to the HTML source. You will be able to view Mathrubhumi site after installing any unicode malayalam font.<br />
If you want to install <em>Meera</em> font, download it at,<br />
Mathurbhumi font &#8211; <a title="Mathrubhumi font download" href="http://www.mathrubhumi.com/new09/Meera_04-2.ttf">http://www.mathrubhumi.com/new09/Meera_04-2.ttf</a></p>
<h3>Some More Malayalam Unicode fonts.</h3>
<p>I have also collected some of the other Malayalam unicode fonts available. You could download them from <a title="Downloadable list of Malayalam unicode fonts" href="/pub/malayalam/fonts/">here</a>. Full credits to the creators of the font.Check the included <em>copying.txt</em> for information about the creators.</p>
<p>To have a look at how these fonts look, see <a title="Look of the various fonts" href="/pub/malayalam/fonts/malayalam-fonts.png">this picture</a>.</p>
<h3>Some Issues</h3>
<p>Webpage appears full of garbage even after installing font.<br />
Try changing the encoding to <em>UTF-8</em> from <em>View &gt; Character Encoding</em> in FF and <em>View &gt; Encoding</em> in IE</p>
<p><strong>Credits</strong>-<br />
<a title="Website of Malayalam Computing, malayalam.web4all.in" href="http://malayalam.web4all.in/index.php/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D">Malayalam Computing</a>, by Govt of Kerala. &#8211; This site include the latest on using malayalm in computers. Visit this site for further information on Computers and malayalam. Refer this site for details on how to use the Inscript keyboard.</p>
<p>Cibu and his <a title="Varamozhi page by Cibu" href="http://varamozhi.wikia.com/wiki/Help:Contents/Unicode">Varamoshi page</a><a title="Swathantra Malayalam Computing" href="http://wiki.smc.org.in/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D"><br />
</a><a title="Malayalam Wikipedia" href="http://ml.wikipedia.org/wiki/%E0%B4%B8%E0%B4%B9%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%AF%E0%B4%82:To_Read_in_Malayalam#For_users_of_Mac_OS_X">Malayalam Wikipedia</a><a title="Swathantra Malayalam Computing" href="http://wiki.smc.org.in/%E0%B4%AA%E0%B5%8D%E0%B4%B0%E0%B4%A7%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%A8%E0%B4%A4%E0%B4%BE%E0%B4%B3%E0%B5%8D%E2%80%8D"><br />
Swathantra Malayalam computing</a> &#8211; for all the fonts.<a title="MalayalamLinux Project" href="http://malayalamlinux.sourceforge.net"><br />
MalayalamLinux</a> Project &#8211; for the mac font.<br />
Santhosh &#8211; <a title="Fonts page of SMC" href="http://fci.wikia.com/wiki/SMC/Fonts">http://fci.wikia.com/wiki/SMC/Fonts</a> &#8211; for the picture of fonts<br />
<a title="Rohit's website" href="http://">Rohit</a> and <a title="Sony's Website" href="http://www.sonyjose.in">Sony</a> for helping with the mac section and screenshots.</p>
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